GNUstepWiki - User contributions [en]

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2017-06-20T00:00:14Z

Apple4ever: Removed ninja as its not needed

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

NOTE: Unless you have a need for the above features, its recommended to install from the default repos as often the scripts below have issues.

<pre>sudo apt install gnustep</pre>

=== 16.04, 16.10, & 17.04===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd tools-make
git checkout `git rev-list -1 --first-parent --before=2017-04-06 master` # fixes segfault, should probably be looked at.
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../libs-base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../libs-gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../libs-back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../apps-projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../apps-systempreferences/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2017-06-13T20:56:31Z

Apple4ever: Fixed segfault bug

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

NOTE: Unless you have a need for the above features, its recommended to install from the default repos as often the scripts below have issues.

<pre>sudo apt install gnustep</pre>

=== 16.04, 16.10, & 17.04===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd tools-make
git checkout `git rev-list -1 --first-parent --before=2017-04-06 master` # fixes segfault, should probably be looked at.
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../libs-base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../libs-gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../libs-back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../apps-projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../apps-systempreferences/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2017-06-13T20:31:06Z

Apple4ever: /* 16.04, 16.10, & 17.04 */

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

NOTE: Unless you have a need for the above features, its recommended to install from the default repos as often the scripts below have issues.

<pre>sudo apt install gnustep</pre>

=== 16.04, 16.10, & 17.04===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

'''NOTE: there is a bug that causes a crash when launch apps. It seems to be due to a recent change in the code. It is being investigated.'''

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd tools-make
git checkout `git rev-list -1 --first-parent --before=2017-04-06 master`
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../libs-base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../libs-gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../libs-back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../apps-projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../apps-systempreferences/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2017-06-13T20:28:19Z

Apple4ever: Added note about installing from default repos.

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

NOTE: Unless you have a need for the above features, its recommended to install from the default repos as often the scripts below have issues.

<pre>sudo apt install gnustep</pre>

=== 16.04, 16.10, & 17.04===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

'''NOTE: there is a bug that causes a crash when launch apps. It seems to be due to a recent change in the code. It is being investigated.'''

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../libs-base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../libs-gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../libs-back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../apps-projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../apps-systempreferences/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2017-06-13T20:23:12Z

Apple4ever: Added note about crashes

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

=== 16.04, 16.10, & 17.04===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

'''NOTE: there is a bug that causes a crash when launch apps. It seems to be due to a recent change in the code. It is being investigated.'''

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../libs-base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../libs-gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../libs-back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../apps-projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../apps-systempreferences/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2017-06-13T20:21:54Z

Apple4ever: Added note for 17.04

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

=== 16.04, 16.10, & 17.04===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../libs-base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../libs-gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../libs-back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../apps-projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../apps-systempreferences/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2017-06-13T13:19:02Z

Apple4ever: Updated for new github repositories

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

=== 16.04 & 16.10===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../tools-make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../libs-base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../libs-gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../libs-back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../apps-projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../apps-gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../apps-systempreferences/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2016-10-20T02:49:00Z

Apple4ever: /* 16.04 */

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

=== 16.04 & 16.10===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/make
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gworkspace.git
curl -O ftp://ftp.gnustep.org/pub/gnustep/usr-apps/SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
tar xvzf SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../SystemPreferences-1.2.0/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2016-10-20T02:36:08Z

Apple4ever: /* 16.04 */ Multiple bug fixes

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

=== 16.04 ===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Show prompt function
function showPrompt()
{
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi
}

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
sudo apt -y install curl
fi

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/make
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gworkspace.git
curl -O ftp://ftp.gnustep.org/pub/gnustep/usr-apps/SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
tar xvzf SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
fi

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

showPrompt

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

showPrompt

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
rm -Rf build
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

showPrompt

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

showPrompt

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../SystemPreferences-1.2.0/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux

2016-08-25T15:59:53Z

Apple4ever: /* Compiling Everything from Scratch (Ubuntu 14.04, 15.04) */

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

=== 16.04 ===

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences.

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

# compare to dependencies on scripts
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/make
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/projectcenter.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gorm.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gworkspace.git
curl -O ftp://ftp.gnustep.org/pub/gnustep/usr-apps/SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
tar xvzf SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
fi

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_FLAGS=-c -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-nonfragile-abi"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

source ~/.bashrc

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
cd ../projectcenter/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
cd ../gorm/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
cd ../gworkspace/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
echo -e "\n\n"
read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
cd ../SystemPreferences-1.2.0/
make -j8
sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc to use.${NC}"
</pre>

=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release .. # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8 # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
</pre>

=== 12.04 ===

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:

<pre>
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
</pre>

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:

<pre>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
</pre>

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.

== Test Code ==

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet.
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.

<pre>

cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
printf("Hello, block!\n");
};
hello();
return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

[frac setNumerator: 1];
[frac setDenominator: 3];

// print it
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
printf( "The fraction is: " );
[frac print];
printf( "\n" );
});
dispatch_release(queue);

return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
int numerator;
int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF

cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
return numerator;
}
@end

EOF

cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
NSApplication *app; // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
int result = [alert runModal];
if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
NSLog(@"First button pressed");
}
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

</pre>

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))