Latest revision as of 21:05, 17 April 2022

Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:

sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel

If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.

Compiling Everything from Scratch

The following repo contains scripts that compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.

For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:

git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh

The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0 (The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

Difference between revisions of "GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux"

Latest revision as of 21:05, 17 April 2022

Compiling Everything from Scratch

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-<pre>
+Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------
-# Objective C 2.0 on Ubuntu (from source)
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------
-# PART 1: LIBOBJC2 from source (with ARC)
-# PART 2: LIBDISPATCH from source
-# ON UBUNTU 12.04 SERVER
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------
-# Step 1 based on David Chisnall (http://etoileos.com/news/archive/2011/08/14/1206/)
-# Step 2 based on Chris Mowforth http://chris.mowforth.com/installing-grand-central-dispatch-on-linux)
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------
-# ==============================
+ sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel
-# ==============================
-# PART 1: new libobjc2 on Ubuntu
-# ==============================
-# ==============================
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.
-# Some examples to test Objective C and ARC once we get it installed
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~
+= Compiling Everything from Scratch  =
-cat > Fraction.h << EOF
+The following repo contains scripts that  compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.
-#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
+For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:
-@interface Fraction: NSObject {
+ git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
-   int numerator;
+ cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
-   int denominator;
+ ./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh
-}
--(void) print;
+The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)
--(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
--(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
--(int) numerator;
--(int) denominator;
-@end
-EOF
+Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
+General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
-cat > Fraction.m << EOF
+(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))
-#import "Fraction.h"
-#import <stdio.h>
-@implementation Fraction
--(void) print {
-   printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
-}
--(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
-   numerator = n;
-}
--(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
-   denominator = d;
-}
--(int) denominator {
-   return denominator;
-}
--(int) numerator {
-   return numerator;
-}
-@end
-EOF
-cat > main.m << EOF
-#import <stdio.h>
-#import "Fraction.h"
-int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
-   // create a new instance
-   Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
-   // set the values
-   [frac setNumerator: 1];
-   [frac setDenominator: 3];
-   // print it
-   printf( "The fraction is: " );
-   [frac print];
-   printf( "\n" );
-   // free memory
-   [frac release];
-   return 0;
-}
-EOF
-cat > mainarc.m << EOF
-#import <stdio.h>
-#import "Fraction.h"
-int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
-   // create a new instance
-   Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
-   // set the values
-   [frac setNumerator: 1];
-   [frac setDenominator: 3];
-   // print it
-   printf( "The fraction is: " );
-   [frac print];
-   printf( "\n" );
-   // free memory
-   // [frac release];  // valgrind should show less leakage with -fobjc-arc
-   return 0;
-}
-EOF
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------
-# INITIAL REQUIREMENTS
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------
-sudo apt-get -y install build-essential subversion clang libicu-dev libxml2-dev libxml2  libgnutls-dev libssl-dev
-#sudo apt-get -y install gnustep            # If you want old runtime
-#sudo apt-get -y install gnustep-make
-#sudo apt-get -y install libgnustep-base-dev
-sudo apt-get -y install gobjc                # Def required for below.
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# TEST (may fail w/ segfault if you did not apt-get install gnustep)
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~
-gcc `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
-./test
-clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
-./test
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# OK, let's install the new GNUstep from Subversion repositories!
-# (based on David Chisnall http://etoileos.com/news/archive/2011/08/14/1206/)
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-mkdir gs
-cd gs
-svn co svn://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/tools/make/trunk make
-svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
-svn co svn://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/libs/libobjc2/trunk libobjc
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 1) Install GNUstep Make a first time.
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~/gs/make
-export CC=clang
-export CXX=clang++
-./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=fhs
-make && sudo -E make install
-. /usr/local/share/GNUstep/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
-cd ..
-cd ~/gs/core/base
-./configure
-make            # On this FIRST TIME THRU, WILL SAY CAN'T BUILD NSBLOCKS for this runtime
-sudo make install
-cd ..
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# TEST (the resulting binary will segfault if we don't have a runtime)
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~
-clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 2) Build libobjc2
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~/gs/libobjc
-make -f Makefile
-sudo make -f Makefile install
-cd ..
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 3) NOW GO BACK, RECOMPILE GNUStep MAKE (TO DETECT THE NEW OBJC RUNTIME)
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~/gs/make
-./configure  --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-native-objc-exceptions --with-layout=fhs --enable-debug-by-default CC=clang CXX=clang++
-make && sudo -E make install
-. /usr/local/share/GNUstep/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
-cd ..
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 4) AND THEN RECOMPILE CORE/BASE
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~/core/base
-./configure --disable-mixedabi CC=clang CXX=clang++
-make            # THIS TIME THRU, NO COMPLAINTS ABOUT BLOCKS
-sudo make install
-cd ..
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 5) FINALLY TEST AGAIN AND ENJOY OBJECTIVE C WITH ARC
-# Note that I need to add GNUSTEP-CONFIG --OBJC-LIBS below.
-# If you don't want ARC, omit -fobj-arc
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~
-clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobj-arc -fobjc-nonfragile-abi mainarc.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
-./test
-# ==============================
-# ==============================
-# PART 2: libdispatch on Ubuntu
-# ==============================
-# ==============================
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Some examples to test GCD once we get it installed
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-cd ~
-cat > helloGCD.c << EOF
-#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-int main() {
- dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
- dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
-   printf("Hello, world from a dispatch queue!\n");
- });
- dispatch_release(queue);
- return 0;
-}
-EOF
-cat > helloGCD_objc.c << EOF
-#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
-#import <stdio.h>
-#import "Fraction.h"
-int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
-   dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
-   Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
-   [frac setNumerator: 1];
-   [frac setDenominator: 3];
-   // print it
-   dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
-     printf( "The fraction is: " );
-     [frac print];
-     printf( "\n" );
-   });
-   dispatch_release(queue);
-   return 0;
-}
-EOF
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# INSTALLING LIBDISPATCH
-# (based on Chris Mowforth http://chris.mowforth.com/installing-grand-central-dispatch-on-linux)
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-sudo apt-get install clang libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev
-# Visit  http://packages.ubuntu.com/oneiric/libpthread-workqueue0 for download links
-# Visit  http://packages.ubuntu.com/oneiric/libpthread-workqueue-dev for download link
-mkdir dispatch
-cd dispatch
-sudo apt-get install make autoconf autogen libtool build-essential gcc-multilib
-sudo apt-get install pkg-config
-wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/universe/libp/libpthread-workqueue/libpthread-workqueue0_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
-wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/universe/libp/libpthread-workqueue/libpthread-workqueue-dev_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
-sudo dpkg -i libpthread-workqueue0_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
-sudo dpkg -i libpthread-workqueue-dev_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
-wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libd/libdispatch/libdispatch_0~svn197.orig.tar.gz
-tar xvfz libdispatch_0~svn197.orig.tar.gz
-cd libdispatch-0~svn197/
- export CC=clang
- export CXX=clang++
- make distclean
- ./configure
- make
- # dispatch_starfish.o: In function `_dispatch_time_mach2nano':
- # dispatch_starfish.c:(.text+0x5bc): undefined reference to `_dispatch_host_time_data'
- # dispatch_starfish.c:(.text+0x5ea): undefined reference to `_dispatch_get_host_time_init'
- # /usr/bin/ld: .libs/dispatch_starfish: hidden symbol `_dispatch_host_time_data' isn't defined
- # /usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Bad value
- # clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
- # make[1]: *** [dispatch_starfish] Error 1
- # make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/patryk/dispatch/libdispatch-0~svn197/testing'
- # make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
- # --------------------------------------------------------------------
- # To fix compile, comment out build of "testing" from Makefile
- # --------------------------------------------------------------------
- make clean
- sed "s/testing/#testing/" Makefile > Makefile.new
- mv Makefile.new Makefile
- make
- sudo make install
- sudo ldconfig
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Testing
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Plain C: When not compiling with libobjc2 (just plain C) on Ubuntu you must add -lBlocksRuntime
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-clang -o hi helloGCD.c -fblocks -ldispatch -lBlocksRuntime
-./hi
-clang -o hi helloGCD.c -fblocks -ldispatch
-# /usr/bin/ld: /tmp/helloGCD-eXxFYY.o: undefined reference to symbol '_NSConcreteGlobalBlock'
-# /usr/bin/ld: note: '_NSConcreteGlobalBlock' is defined in DSO /usr/lib/libBlocksRuntime.so.0
-# so try adding it to the linker command line
-# /usr/lib/libBlocksRuntime.so.0: could not read symbols: Invalid operation
-# clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Compiling Objective C with ARC and blocks and libdispatch
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Note: do not use -lBlocksRuntime here since Apple on is not
-# compatible with the libobjc2 one which has its own. (Note from
-# David Chisnall)
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobj-arc -fobjc-nonfragile-abi -fblocks  helloGCD_objc.m Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base -ldispatch
-./test
-</pre>