Difference between revisions of "GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux"

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Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux
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Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:
  
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== Compiling Everything from Scratch (Ubuntu 14.04, 15.04) ==
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sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel
  
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The following script compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.
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If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.
  
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''(See below for Ubuntu 12.04 help.)
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= Compiling Everything from Scratch  =
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''
 
  
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Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
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The following repo contains scripts that  compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.
  
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<pre>
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For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:
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#!/bin/bash
 
  
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sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
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git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
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sudo apt-get update
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cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
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sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
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./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh
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libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
 
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libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev
 
  
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cd ~
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The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)
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git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
 
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svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
 
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git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2
 
  
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# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
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Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
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svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
 
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cd llvm/tools
 
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svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
 
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svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
 
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cd ~/llvm
 
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rm -rf build
 
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mkdir build
 
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cd build
 
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cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release ..    # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
 
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make -j8  # 8=your number of build CPUs
 
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echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
 
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echo "export CC=clang"  >> ~/.bashrc
 
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echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
 
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export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
 
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. ~/.bashrc
 
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export CC=clang
 
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export CXX=clang++
 
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clang -v
 
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clang++ -v
 
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cd ~/libobjc2
 
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rm -rf build
 
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mkdir build
 
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cd build
 
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cmake ..
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
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cd ~/core/make
 
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./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
 
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make && sudo -E make install
 
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echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
 
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. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
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sudo /sbin/ldconfig
 
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cd ~/core/base/
 
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./configure
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
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cd ~/libdispatch
 
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rm -rf libdispatch-build
 
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mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
 
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../configure
 
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make
 
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sudo make install
 
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sudo ldconfig
 
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cd ~/core/gui
 
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./configure
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
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cd ~/core/back
 
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./configure
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
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echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
 
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</pre>
 
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=== Test Code ===
 
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The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet. 
 
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It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.
 
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<pre>
 
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cat > blocktest.m << EOF
 
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#include <stdio.h>
 
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int main() {
 
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    void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
 
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        printf("Hello, block!\n");
 
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    };
 
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    hello();
 
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    return 0;
 
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}
 
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EOF
 
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cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF
 
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#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
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#import <stdio.h>
 
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#import "Fraction.h"
 
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int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
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  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
 
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  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
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  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
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  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
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  // print it
 
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  dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
 
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    printf( "The fraction is: " );
 
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    [frac print];
 
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    printf( "\n" );
 
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  });
 
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  dispatch_release(queue);
 
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  return 0;
 
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}
 
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EOF
 
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cat > Fraction.h << EOF
 
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#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
 
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@interface Fraction: NSObject {
 
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  int numerator;
 
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  int denominator;
 
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}
 
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-(void) print;
 
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-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
 
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-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
 
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-(int) numerator;
 
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-(int) denominator;
 
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@end
 
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EOF
 
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cat > Fraction.m << EOF
 
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#import "Fraction.h"
 
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#import <stdio.h>
 
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@implementation Fraction
 
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-(void) print {
 
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  printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
 
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}
 
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-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
 
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  numerator = n;
 
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}
 
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-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
 
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  denominator = d;
 
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}
 
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-(int) denominator {
 
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  return denominator;
 
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}
 
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-(int) numerator {
 
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  return numerator;
 
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}
 
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@end
 
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EOF
 
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cat > guitest.m << EOF
 
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#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 
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int main()
 
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{
 
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  NSApplication *app;  // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
 
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  app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
 
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  NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
 
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  [alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
 
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  [alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
 
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  int result = [alert runModal];
 
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  if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
 
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    NSLog(@"First button pressed");
 
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  }
 
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}
 
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EOF
 
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# ======================================================================
 
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# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
 
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# ======================================================================
 
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# Using COMMAND LINE
 
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clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc  blocktest.m
 
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clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base  Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m
 
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clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs`  -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui  guitest.m
 
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# Using MAKEFILE
 
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cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
 
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include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make
 
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APP_NAME = GUITest
 
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GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m
 
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include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
 
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EOF
 
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make
 
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openapp ./GUITest.app
 
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</pre>
 
  
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General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
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General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
 
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))
 
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))
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<b>Ubuntu 12.04 Help</b>
 
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On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM.  And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.
 
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For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself.  Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:
 
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# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
 
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# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
 
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# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:
 
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<pre>
 
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cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
 
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make
 
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cpack -G DEB
 
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sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
 
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sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
 
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</pre>
 
−
 
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To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:
 
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<pre>
 
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
 
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sudo apt-get update
 
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sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
 
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
 
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
 
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</pre>
 
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You should be good to go.
 

Latest revision as of 21:05, 17 April 2022

Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment: 

sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel

If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.

Compiling Everything from Scratch

The following repo contains scripts that compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.

For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do: 

git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh

The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0 (The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

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