Difference between revisions of "GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux"

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Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux
+
Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:
  
−
== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==
+
  sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel
  
−
The following script compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.
+
If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.
  
−
Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
+
= Compiling Everything from Scratch  =
  
−
NOTE: Unless you have a need for the above features, its recommended to install from the default repos as often the scripts below have issues.
+
The following repo contains scripts that  compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.
  
−
<pre>sudo apt install gnustep</pre>
+
For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:
  
 +
git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
 +
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
 +
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh
  
−
=== Ubuntu 19.04 ===
+
The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)
  
−
In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences. 
+
Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
−
 
 
−
<pre>
 
−
#!/bin/bash
 
−
 
 
−
# Show prompt function
 
−
function showPrompt()
 
−
{
 
−
  if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
 
−
    echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
    read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 
−
  fi
 
−
}
 
−
 
 
−
# Set colors
 
−
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
 
−
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color
 
−
 
 
−
# Set to true to also build and install apps
 
−
APPS=true
 
−
 
 
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# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
 
−
PROMPT=false
 
−
 
 
−
# Install Requirements
 
−
sudo apt update
 
−
 
 
−
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
 
−
 
 
−
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386  # Enable 32-bit repos for libx11-dev:i386
 
−
sudo apt-get update
 
−
sudo apt -y install clang git cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
 
−
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
 
−
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev
 
−
 
 
−
if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
 
−
  sudo apt -y install curl
 
−
fi
 
−
 
 
−
# Create build directory
 
−
mkdir GNUstep-build
 
−
cd GNUstep-build
 
−
 
 
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# Set clang as compiler
 
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export CC=clang
 
−
export CXX=clang++
 
−
 
 
−
# Checkout sources
 
−
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
 
−
#git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
 
−
git clone https://github.com/plaurent/libdispatch.git
 
−
cd libdispatch
 
−
  git checkout fix_major_missing_symbol_for_ubuntu1904
 
−
cd ..
 
−
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
 
−
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
 
−
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
 
−
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
 
−
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git
 
−
 
 
−
if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
 
−
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
 
−
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
 
−
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
 
−
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
 
−
fi
 
−
 
 
−
showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
# Build GNUstep make first time
 
−
echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
 
−
cd tools-make
 
−
# git checkout `git rev-list -1 --first-parent --before=2017-04-06 master` # fixes segfault, should probably be looked at.
 
−
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep  --enable-objc-arc  --with-library-combo=ng-gnu-gnu
 
−
make -j8
 
−
sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
−
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
 
−
 
 
−
showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
# Build libdispatch
 
−
echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
 
−
cd ../libdispatch
 
−
rm -Rf build
 
−
mkdir build && cd build
 
−
../configure  --prefix=/usr
 
−
make
 
−
sudo make install
 
−
sudo ldconfig
 
−
 
 
−
showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
# Build libobjc2
 
−
echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
 
−
cd ../../libobjc2
 
−
rm -Rf build
 
−
mkdir build && cd build
 
−
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
 
−
cmake --build .
 
−
sudo -E make install
 
−
sudo ldconfig
 
−
 
 
−
export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch
 
−
 
 
−
showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0"
 
−
 
 
−
# Build GNUstep make second time
 
−
echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
 
−
cd ../../tools-make
 
−
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-arc --with-library-combo=ng-gnu-gnu
 
−
make -j8
 
−
sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
−
 
 
−
showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
# Build GNUstep base
 
−
echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
 
−
cd ../libs-base/
 
−
./configure
 
−
make -j8
 
−
sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
# Build GNUstep GUI
 
−
echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
 
−
cd ../libs-gui
 
−
./configure
 
−
make -j8
 
−
sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
# Build GNUstep back
 
−
echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
 
−
cd ../libs-back
 
−
./configure
 
−
make -j8
 
−
sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
−
 
 
−
if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
 
−
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
 
−
  cd ../apps-projectcenter/
 
−
  make -j8
 
−
  sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
  showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
 
−
  cd ../apps-gorm/
 
−
  make -j8
 
−
  sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
  showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
  echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
 
−
  cd ../apps-gworkspace/
 
−
  ./configure
 
−
  make -j8
 
−
  sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
  showPrompt
 
−
 
 
−
  echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
 
−
  cd ../apps-systempreferences/
 
−
  make -j8
 
−
  sudo -E make install
 
−
 
 
−
fi
 
−
 
 
−
echo -e "\n\n"
 
−
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
 
−
</pre>
 
−
 
 
−
=== Older versions of Ubuntu (18.04 or earlier) ===
 
−
 
 
−
On older versions of Ubuntu (including 18.04) you won't have a recent enough clang (-fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0 requires Clang 7.0 or later).  If you want to build on an older Ubuntu (like 18.04) you should:
 
−
 
 
−
(1) Set OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.9" in the script above
 
−
 
 
−
(2) git checkout 1.9 on libobjc2
 
−
 
 
−
OR
 
−
 
 
−
(1) Build a new clang manually (instead of apt install clang):
 
−
 
 
−
<pre>
 
−
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
 
−
cd llvm/tools
 
−
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
 
−
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
 
−
cd ~/llvm
 
−
rm -rf build
 
−
mkdir build
 
−
cd build
 
−
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release ..    # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
 
−
make -j8  # 8=your number of build CPUs
 
−
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
 
−
echo "export CC=clang"  >> ~/.bashrc
 
−
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
 
−
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
 
−
. ~/.bashrc
 
−
 
 
−
export CC=clang
 
−
export CXX=clang++
 
−
</pre>
 
−
 
 
−
== Test Code ==
 
−
 
 
−
The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet. 
 
−
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.
 
−
 
 
−
<pre>
 
−
#!/bin/bash
 
−
 
 
−
cat > blocktest.m << EOF
 
−
#include <stdio.h>
 
−
 
 
−
int main() {
 
−
    void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
 
−
        printf("Hello, block!\n");
 
−
    };
 
−
    hello();
 
−
    return 0;
 
−
}
 
−
EOF
 
−
 
 
−
cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF
 
−
 
 
−
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
−
#import <stdio.h>
 
−
#import "Fraction.h"
 
−
 
 
−
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
−
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
 
−
  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
−
 
 
−
  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
−
  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
−
 
 
−
  // print it
 
−
  dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
 
−
    printf( "The fraction is: " );
 
−
    [frac print];
 
−
    printf( "\n" );
 
−
  });
 
−
  dispatch_release(queue);
 
−
 
 
−
  return 0;
 
−
}
 
−
 
 
−
EOF
 
−
 
 
−
cat > Fraction.h << EOF
 
−
 
 
−
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
 
−
 
 
−
@interface Fraction: NSObject {
 
−
  int numerator;
 
−
  int denominator;
 
−
}
 
−
 
 
−
-(void) print;
 
−
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
 
−
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
 
−
-(int) numerator;
 
−
-(int) denominator;
 
−
@end
 
−
 
 
−
EOF
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
cat > Fraction.m << EOF
 
−
#import "Fraction.h"
 
−
#import <stdio.h>
 
−
 
 
−
@implementation Fraction
 
−
-(void) print {
 
−
  printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
 
−
}
 
−
 
 
−
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
 
−
  numerator = n;
 
−
}
 
−
 
 
−
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
 
−
  denominator = d;
 
−
}
 
−
 
 
−
-(int) denominator {
 
−
  return denominator;
 
−
}
 
−
 
 
−
-(int) numerator {
 
−
  return numerator;
 
−
}
 
−
@end
 
−
 
 
−
EOF
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
cat > guitest.m << EOF
 
−
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 
−
 
 
−
int main()
 
−
{
 
−
  NSApplication *app;  // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
 
−
  app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
 
−
 
 
−
  NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
 
−
  [alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
 
−
  [alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
 
−
  int result = [alert runModal];
 
−
  if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
 
−
    NSLog(@"First button pressed");
 
−
  }
 
−
}
 
−
EOF
 
−
 
 
−
# ======================================================================
 
−
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
 
−
# ======================================================================
 
−
 
 
−
# Using COMMAND LINE
 
−
 
 
−
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -lobjc  blocktest.m
 
−
./a.out
 
−
 
 
−
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base  Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m
 
−
./a.out
 
−
 
 
−
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui  guitest.m
 
−
./a.out
 
−
 
 
−
# Using MAKEFILE
 
−
 
 
−
cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
 
−
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make
 
−
 
 
−
APP_NAME = GUITest
 
−
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m
 
−
 
 
−
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
 
−
EOF
 
−
 
 
−
make
 
−
openapp ./GUITest.app
 
−
</pre>
 
  
 
General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
 
General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
 
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))
 
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

Latest revision as of 21:05, 17 April 2022

Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment: 

sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel

If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.

Compiling Everything from Scratch

The following repo contains scripts that compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.

For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do: 

git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh

The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0 (The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

Retrieved from "https://mediawiki.gnustep.org/index.php?title=GNUstep_under_Ubuntu_Linux&oldid=7300"