Difference between revisions of "Building GNUstep under Debian FreeBSD"
| Line 309: | Line 309: | ||
cd back | cd back | ||
./configure | ./configure | ||
| − | make - | + | make -j8 |
make install | make install | ||
ldconfig | ldconfig | ||
Revision as of 09:51, 17 May 2019
Here's a tutorial on how to to build gnustep and its dependencies if you want to run it using GNUstep runtime 2.0 (ng), which has to be built using clang 8.0.
You'll find these steps bundled in a script which you can execute under Debian 9 at https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build/tree/master/debian-9-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0.
Install empty VM
We start with an empty Debian9 or FreeBSD 12 VM.
Dependencies under Debian 9
we install these packages under Debian as they are coming up as dependencies anyhow
apt-get install dirmngr
apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com \
15CF4D18AF4F7421
sudo apt -y install build-essential git subversion \
libpthread-workqueue0 libpthread-workqueue-dev \
libxml2 libxml2-dev \
libffi6 libffi-dev \
libicu-dev \
libuuid1 uuid-dev uuid-runtime \
libsctp1 libsctp-dev lksctp-tools \
libavahi-core7 libavahi-core-dev \
libavahi-client3 libavahi-client-dev \
libavahi-common3 libavahi-common-dev libavahi-common-data \
libgcrypt20 libgcrypt20-dev \
libtiff5 libtiff5-dev \
libbsd0 libbsd-dev \
util-linux-locales \
locales-all \
libjpeg-dev \
libtiff-dev \
libcups2-dev \
libfreetype6-dev \
libcairo2-dev \
libxt-dev \
libgl1-mesa-dev \
libpcap-dev \
libc-dev libc++-dev libc++1 \
python-dev swig \
libedit-dev libeditline0 libeditline-dev readline-common \
binfmt-support libtinfo-dev \
bison flex m4 wget \
libicns1 libicns-dev \
libxslt1.1 libxslt1-dev \
libxft2 libxft-dev \
libflite1 flite1-dev \
libxmu6 libxpm4 wmaker-common \
libgnutls30 libgnutls28-dev \
libpng-dev libpng16-16 \
default-libmysqlclient-dev \
libpq-dev \
libstdc++-6-dev \
libreadline7 libreadline-dev \gobjc-6 gobjc++-6 \
libgif7 libgif-dev libwings3 libwings-dev libwraster5 \
libwraster-dev libwutil5 \
libcups2-dev libicu57 libicu-dev \
gobjc++ \
xorg \
libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev \
libpango1.0-dev \
libcairo2-dev \
libxt-dev libssl-dev \
libasound2-dev libjack-dev libjack0 libportaudio2 \
libportaudiocpp0 portaudio19-dev \
libstdc++-6-dev libstdc++-6-doc libstdc++-6-pic \
libstdc++6 wmaker cmake cmake-curses-gui xpdf
Dependencies under FeeBSD 12
pkg install git \
autoconf \
automake \
cmake \
subversion \
wget \
bash \
pkgconf \
sudo \
gmake \
windowmaker \
jpeg \
tiff \
png \
libxml2 \
libxslt \
gnutls \
libffi \
icu \
cairo \
avahi \
portaudio \
flite \
pngwriter \
mariadb103-client \
postgresql96-client \
bash \
clang \
lldb
We install a decent clang compiler.
clang-8: from clang8 repository: Add a file /etc/apt/sources.d/llvm.list with content
deb http://apt.llvm.org/stretch/ llvm-toolchain-stretch main deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/stretch/ llvm-toolchain-stretch main deb http://apt.llvm.org/stretch/ llvm-toolchain-stretch-8 main deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/stretch/ llvm-toolchain-stretch-8 main
To install you call it like this:
apt-get update apt-get install clang-8 lldb-8 lld-8
Note: clang-7 has a bug which makes gnustep-base fail during its ./configure phase.
(Note today clang-8 was no longer in the llvm repo for some reason. Maybe temporary issue. I also tried the bleeding edge clang-9 and that worked similarly)
Under FreeBSD we use the clang compiler which comes with FreeBSD12. If you use CentOS 7 or the like, you probably have to compile the clang compiler from source. this is time consuming and can be done like tis:
git clone https://git.llvm.org/git/llvm.git/ cd llvm/tools git clone https://git.llvm.org/git/clang.git/ cd ../projects git clone https://git.llvm.org/git/compiler-rt.git/ cd .. mkdir BUILD cd BUILD cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release make -j8 make install
(note this installs your compiler in /usr/local/bin so you have to change the path on the later stages below)
Download GNUSTEP
We download the sources we need:
mkdir gnustep cd gnustep wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.15.tar.gz git clone https://github.com/apple/swift-corelibs-libdispatch git clone https://github.com/gnustep/scripts git clone https://github.com/gnustep/make git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 git clone https://github.com/gnustep/base git clone https://github.com/gnustep/corebase git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gui git clone https://github.com/gnustep/back ./scripts/install-dependencies
The last step should basically not show any additional dependency we have not already covered. On FreeBSD , the last step has to be skipped as the script is not prepared for FreeBSD yet.
libiconv
We compile libiconv. Debian comes standard with version 1.14 but there was an issue in 1.14 which got fixed in 1.15 which was relevant to us so using 1.15 is recommended.
tar -xvzf libiconv-1.15.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.15 ./configure --enable-static --enable-dynamic make make install cd ..
Defaults
We set some environment defaults for the remainder of the session
# we set the C and C++ compiler version export CC=/usr/bin/clang-8 export CXX=/usr/bin/clang++-8 export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin export RUNTIME_VERSION=gnustep-2.0 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig export LD=/usr/bin/ld.gold export LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=/usr/bin/ld.gold export OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks"
Using the ld.gold linker is important as otherwise strange things happens. old ld does stuff wrong, newer lld from clang optimises stuff away it shouldn't.
libdispatch
The libdispatch is an open source library supplied by Apple which takes care of running multiple background tasks. Apple calls it "Grand Central Dispatch". The Swift language also uses it, hence the repo name. We're not really directly using it but other objc code might use it or benefit from it so we compile it as well.
cd swift-corelibs-libdispatch
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${CC} \
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CXX} \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-DUSE_GOLD_LINKER=YES
make -j40
make install
ldconfig
libobjc2 / gnustep-base
Now we have reached a point where the magic triple libobjc2 + gnustep-make + gnustep-base comes into play. To understand the context here. The objectiveC compiler needs a runtime. The runtime is taking care of the basic functionality of objectiveC objects such as their memory allocation and release and other stuff. The compiler calls the runtime when specific stuff happens. When a method is called, the compiler puts a call into the runtime which then looks up the dynamic methods and calls the method etc. When a block ends and certain objects are no longer needed, the compiler calls the runtime so it can release the objects accordingly.
There are different runtimes around. The original objectiveC runtime supplied by the gcc compiler. It's old, outdated and doesn't deal with automatic reference counting and a lot of other things. So it's not recommended. The libobjc2 is the "modern" rewrite for a runtime and is actually based on a project called Etoile. It's ABI has different variants. There is a fragile and a non fragile ABI.
Read this blogpost to understand what the difference is: http://www.sealiesoftware.com/blog/archive/2009/01/27/objc_explain_Non-fragile_ivars.html If you get this is wrong, you might end up with objects no longer using the right position of variables in the data of super or subclasses and things can get totally out of control. So the new non-fragile-ABI is really the way to go. There are also different versions of the ABI on how the compiler calls the runtime. So the compiler and the runtime are working together as a team.
So once we have a runtime library which is a requirement for any objectiveC code, there is also the base library gnustep-base which corresponds to Apple's Foundation framework. This one implements basic functionality which is used in almost all ObjC code.. It brings stuff like dealing with strings, arrays, dictionaries, and lots of other things you need day in day out. It does not supply any GUI code. All NextStep/Apple ObjectiveC code is derived from a base class called NSObject which is defined in gnustep-base. GnuStep is an open source reimplementation of NextStep and the Apple Foundation/AppKit classes.
There are 3 other libraries in GnuStep which are gnustep-gui which does all the graphical interface, gnustep-back which is the backend for the GUI (so there's a variant for X-windows, one for Windows, one for MacOS aqua etc) which is like a driver for the gui to do the displaying on actual hardware and there is gnustep-corebase which is a glue library to use objective C objects from C and to deal with the fundamental data types of objective C like NSData, NSArray etc.
compiling libobjc2
cd libobjc2
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-DBUILD_STATIC_LIBOBJC=1 \
-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${CC} \
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CXX} \
-DCMAKE_LINKER=${LD} \
-DCMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS=${LDFLAGS}
make -j40
make install
ldconfig
make test
cd ../..
this should pass everywhere except these two which according to David Chisnal are corner cases which shouldn't affect real software:
18 - AssociatedObject_optimised (OTHER_FAULT)
20 - AssociatedObject_legacy_optimised (OTHER_FAULT)
installing gnustep-make
Gnustep Make is a package of makefiles to be used inside Gnustep projects. This way some common settings can be shared along all projects such as the location of certain runtime files (defaults, file layouts etc). It does not have any compiled code but its needed for the rest. Edit the file library-combo.make and on line 47 replace
ifeq ($(RUNTIME_VERSION),) RUNTIME_VERSION=gnustep-1.8 endif
with
ifeq ($(RUNTIME_VERSION),) RUNTIME_VERSION=gnustep-2.0 endif
then you can install it
cd make
./configure \
--with-layout=fhs \
--disable-importing-config-file \
--enable-native-objc-exceptions \
--enable-objc-arc \
--enable-install-ld-so-conf \
--with-library-combo=ng-gnu-gnu \
--with-config-file=/usr/local/etc/GNUstep/GNUstep.conf \
--with-user-config-file='.GNUstep.conf' \
--with-user-defaults-dir='GNUstep/Library/Defaults'
make
make install
installing gnustep-base
cd base ./configure --with-config-file=/usr/local/etc/GNUstep/GNUstep.conf make -j8 make install ldconfig make check cd ..
There is one test which will fail. For our usage this is not vital.
Failed test: basic.m:31 ... Expiration date can be retrieved
installing gnustep-corebase
cd corebase ./configure make -j8 make install ldconfig cd ..
installing gnustep-gui
cd gui ./configure make -j8 make install ldconfig cd ..
installing gnustep-back
cd back ./configure make -j8 make install ldconfig cd ..
Author: Andreas Fink as of 2019-05-05.